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Faster is Slower effect in crowds
The so-called Faster is Slower (FiS) effect is commonly observed in real-life or experimental situations. In the context of evacuation processes, it expresses that increasing the speed (or, more generally, the eagerness to egress) of individuals may induce a reduction of the flow through the exit door. We propose an investigation of the various ingredients which can be mobilized to reproduce this phenomenon. For some models, an additional frictional term is the key ingredient to recover the FiS effect, but friction is not strictly necessary. We shall detail in particular how, in the context of non-frictional granular models, the pathologic character of an underlying discrete Laplace operator can be identified as an alternative explanation of the FiS effect.